最重要的100個英文字首字根 -- 字根 (3)
關於 英文單字 <目錄> 1. 字首、字根、字尾 <話說前頭篇> 2. 字首、字根 <總整理>3. 字首、字根 <內容篇>4. 單字 <再次強調篇>*** 字首、字根、字尾 <話說前頭篇>英文字彙架構 摘自許章真 編著 「最重要的100個英文字首字根」※ pre．dict．able (p. v) 字尾 able 形容詞字尾表「可能」 字根 dict 表「說話」 字首 pre 表「在前」※ 常見的構詞型態 (p. xi) 字根(字首) + 字根 + 字根 + (字尾) 字學習字源分析需知 摘自 經典傳訊「再造英語大革命—字根字彙」(pp. 172-174) 我們學習字源分析，為的是建立起一套拆解單字、進而記憶單字的系統，不是為研究而研究的語言學家，所以不必去理會某一個字根或字首來字希臘文還是拉丁文，只要容易聯想、好背單字即可。 大多數的英文單字都可以用字根字首的拆解來理解，所以字源分析是非常好用的工具。學起這套工具之後，最好能時時運用，也就是大量去做閱讀，儘量不查字典，碰到生字就拆解一下。 注意事項：1. 字根字首在組合時會產生「同化」作用，也就是說會互相影響。例如ad- 這個表示 to, toward 的字首，經常會被後面字根的拼法同化，例如：abbreviate, acclaim, affirm, attain, aggravate, announce...2. 字根字首組合時兩個母音之間可能會加上一個子音作為連音，如：rehabilitation (n.) 復健3. 前後兩個子音相連也有可能會加個母音在中間作為連音，如：pesticide (n.)殺蟲劑4. 並不是每一個英文單字都是由常用的字根字首組成的。如單音節單字：eat, walk, typhoon, taboo…*** 字首、字根總整理參考書目：1. 再造英語大革命：字根字彙。 經典傳訊文化。 2. 最重要的100個英文字首字根。許章真 編著。書林。字首1. ab-, abs- = away, from 分離 2. ad- = to, toward 向前 3. anti- = against 反對 4. bi- = two 二 5. bene-, bon- = good 良好 6. cata- = down, complete 下降，完全 7. circum- = around 環繞 8. co-, col-, com-, con- = together 一起，共同9. contra-, contro-, counter- = against反對 10. de- = down, complete下降，完全11. de-, di-, dis- = away, off, not 分離，否定 12. deca-, deci- = ten; tenth 十；十分之一13. dia- = through, between, across 穿越，居中 14. di-, du- = two 二 15. e-, ec-, ef-, ex-, extra- = out 向外 16. em-, en-, im-, in- = in, upon 進入，在上17. epi- = upon, toward 在上，朝向 18. fore- = before 前19. im-, in-, un- = not 不 20. inter- = between, among 居中21. mal- = bad 惡劣 22. mon-, mono- = one 一23. ob- = toward, against, over 相對，反對，全面 24. para- = beside, beyond 並列，超越25. per- = through, thoroughly 穿過，完全 26. post- = after, behind 在後27. pre- = before 前 28. pro-, pur- = forward, before 向前，在前29. re- = back, again 向後，再次 30. se- = away, separate 分離31. sub-, suf-, sup-, sus- = under在下 32. super-, sur- = over, above 在上，超越33. sym-,syn- = with, together 一起，共同 34. uni- = one 一35. trans- = across, through, over 橫跨，貫通，轉變 字根1. act, ag, ig = act, drive 行動，推動 2. anim = breath, mind 氣息，心3. arch = chief, ancient 首要的，古老的 4. aud = hear 聽5. bio = life 生命 6. cad, cas, cid = fall, befall 降落，發生7. cap, ceiv, cep, cept, cip, cup = receive, take 接受，拿取8. ced(e), ceed, cess = go 去，行進 9. centr = center 中央10. cert = sure 確信 11. chor = sing 唱12. cid, cis = cut, kill 切割，殺 13. circum, cycle = around, circle 外圍，圓圈14. cit = excite, call 激起，喚起 15. civ = ity 城市16. claim, clam = shout, cry out 喊，呼叫 17. clud, clus = close 關閉18. cogn, gnos = know 認知 19. cor, cord, cour = heart, courage 心，勇氣20. corp, corpor = body 身體，團體 21. cours, cur, curs = run 跑動22. cred = believe相信，信賴 23. cub, cum(b) = lie 躺24. cur = care, cure; run 照料，治療，懸念；跑 25. dam = harm 傷害26. demo = people 人們 27. dic, dict = say, speak 說28. dom = home; control 家；支配 29. duc, duct = lead 領導，導引30. equ = equal 均等 31. fed, fid = faith 信心32. fac, fact, fair, feat, fect, feit, fic, fict, fit = do, make 作，造33. fer = bear, carry 懷有，承受，攜帶 34. fin = limit, end 界限，終結35. flect, flex = bend 彎曲 36. flu = flow 流動37. forc, fort = strong 強 38. found, fus = pour, melt 傾流，鎔鑄39. fract, frag, frang, fring = break 破裂/壞 40. gen = bear/born, kind, race 產生，種類，種族41. grac, grat = pleasing 快樂 42. grad, gress = go, step 行進，層次，步伐43. gram, graph = write 書寫 44. it = go, march 行走，行進45. jac, ject, jet = throw, emit 投擲，射出 46. join, joint, junct = join, connect 連接47. lect, leg, lex, = read 閱讀 48. lect, lig = choose選擇49. loc = place 地方 50. locu, log, logue, loqu = speak 說51. logy = study of 學科 52. luc, lumin, luster = light, brightness亮光53. magn, maj, max(i) = great 大 54. main, man = hand 手55. medi = middle 中間 56. mem(or) = remember 記憶57. ment = mind 心智 58. meter = measure 測量59. mini, minu = small 小 60. miss, mit = send, throw 送出，投射61. mob, mom, mot, mov = move 移動，動力 62. nat = born 出生63. neg = none, not 否定 64. nov = new 新65. opt = choose 選擇 66. pass, path, pati = feel, suffer 感覺，苦痛67. ped = foot 腳 68. pel, puls = drive; push 推動，驅使；衝撞69. pen, pun = punish 懲罰 70. plic, plex, ply = fold, weave 摺疊，編結71. pend, pens, pond = hang, weigh, pay, consider 懸掛、重量、償付、思量72. polis, polit = city; government 城市，政府 73. pon, pos, pound = place, put 安置，寄放74. popul, publ = people 人們 75. port = carry 運送，攜帶76. press = press 擠壓 77. pri, prim, prin = first 第一78. quest, qui(r), quis = ask, seek 詢問，尋求 79. rupt = break 破壞80. reg, rig =rule, king, hard 治理，國王，硬直，嚴厲 81. scribe, scrip(t) = write 書寫82. secu(t), sequ, sue = follow 跟隨 83. sed, sess, sid = sit, set, live 坐，安置，居住84. sens, sent = feel, sense 感覺，意識 85. set, sid, sit = sit86. sign = mark 做記號 87. sist, sta, stitut = stand, place, set 站立，安置，固定88. soci = group 群體 89. strain, stress, strict, string = draw tight 壓縮，壓榨90. solu, solv = loosen 放鬆 91. spec, spect, spic = watch, look 觀望，瞻望92. sta(t), sist = stand 站 93. stim, stinct, sting = mark; prick 做記號；刺94. stru, struct = build 建築 95. tach, tact, tag, tang = touch 觸摸，接觸96. tain, ten, tin = hold, keep 保存，固守，堅持 97. tend, tens, tent = stretch 延伸，向前98. tor, tort = twist 扭曲 99. tract, treat = draw 抽拉，引出，劃線100. trud, trus = thrust, push 推擠，強迫 101. vac, van, void = empty 空虛，缺乏，空閒102. vail, val = strong, worth 有力，實價 103. vari = change 變化104. ven, vent = come (到)來 105. vers, vert = turn, change 轉動，轉變106. vey, via, voy = way 道路，途徑 107. vict, vinc = conquer 征服108. vid, view, vis = see, look 看(見)，審視 109. vig, vit, viv = life, live 活，生命，精力110. voc, vok = voice, call 聲音，召喚 111. volu. volv = roll 旋轉，捲繞，轉成*** 字首、字根—內容篇.. 取自再造英語大革命：字根字彙。 經典傳訊文化。字首 1. fore- = before 前 forecast (n.) 預報；預測 → fore (before) + cast (throw) * My grandmother listens to the weather forecast on the radio each morning. foresee (v) 預知；預料 → fore (before) + see * It's difficult to foresee what will happen next. foremost (a.) 最重要的 → fore (before) + most * She was one of the foremost writers of her day. forefront (n.) 最前線；最重要的位置 → fore (before) + front * He is in the foremost on many social issues.2. pre- = before 前 prevent (v.) 防止 → pre (before) + vent (come) * To prevent sports injury, it's best to stretch before you exercise. predict (v.) 預測 → pre (before) + dict (speak) * That fortune teller predicted that the couple would break up in two months. precise (a.) 精確的 → pre (before) + cise (cut) * Please be precise when you describe what you did from 7 to 10 last night. unprecedented (a.)史無前例的 → un (not) + pre (before) + ced (go) + ented (形容詞詞尾) * He achieved unprecedented success.3. post- = after 後 postpone (v.) 延後 → post (after) + pone (place)* The meeting was postpone to 3 pm. postwar (a.) 戰後的 → post (after) + war * He did a study on the postwar world economy. postscript (n.) 信末附註；後記(略作P.S.) → post (after) + script (write) * Dona added a postscript to her letter. posterity (n.) 後代 → post (after) + erity (名詞字尾) * We must try to protect the environment for posterity. 4. co-, col, com-, con- = together 一起，共同 coworker (n.) 同事 → co (together) + work + er (one who) * I went to a KTV with my coworkers last night. collect (v.) 收集 → col (together) +lect (choose) * Jeff collects unique pieces of art from around the world. commute (v.) 通勤 → com (together) + mute (change) * She commutes between Taipei and Taoyuan every day. consolidate (v.) 合併 → con (together) + sol (one) + idate (動詞詞尾) * The two firms consolidated to form a new company.5. sym-, syn-, = together一起，共同 system (n.) 系統 → sy(s) = syn (together) + stem (stand) * The flooding caused a total collapse of the MRT system. symbol (n.) 象徵 → sym (together) + bol (throw) * The cross is the main symbol of Christianity. symphony (n.) 交響樂 → sym (together) + phony (sound) * The orchestra played a Beethoven symphony. symposium (n.) 研討會 → sym (together) + pos (drink) + ium (名詞字尾) * We're holding a symposium on wireless telecommunications.